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class="VPLink link link" href="./largeFrontEnd/flutter/chapter4/index.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>第四章 布局类组件</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="./largeFrontEnd/flutter/chapter5/index.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>第五章 容器类Widget</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="./largeFrontEnd/flutter/chapter6/index.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>第六章 可滚动组件</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" 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data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="./largeFrontEnd/flutter/chapter13/index.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>第十三章 多语言</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="./largeFrontEnd/flutter/chapter14/index.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>第十四章 高级进阶</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div 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data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _largeFrontEnd_flutter_chapter2_flutter_router" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="_2-4-路由管理" tabindex="-1">2.4 路由管理 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-4-路由管理" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.4 路由管理&quot;">​</a></h1><p>路由（Route）在移动开发中通常指页面（Page），这跟 Web 开发中单页应用的 Route 概念意义是相同的，Route 在 Android中 通常指一个 Activity，在 iOS 中指一个 ViewController。所谓路由管理，就是管理页面之间如何跳转，通常也可被称为导航管理。Flutter 中的路由管理和原生开发类似，无论是 Android 还是 iOS，导航管理都会维护一个路由栈，路由入栈（push）操作对应打开一个新页面，路由出栈（pop）操作对应页面关闭操作，而路由管理主要是指如何来管理路由栈。</p><h2 id="_2-4-1-一个简单示例" tabindex="-1">2.4.1 一个简单示例 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-4-1-一个简单示例" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.4.1 一个简单示例&quot;">​</a></h2><p>我们在2.1节“计数器”示例的基础上，做如下修改：</p><ol><li><p>创建一个新路由，命名“NewRoute”</p><div class="language-dart vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">dart</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">NewRoute</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">StatelessWidget</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@override</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Widget</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">build</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">BuildContext</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> context) {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Scaffold</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      appBar</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">AppBar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        title</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;New route&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      ),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      body</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Center</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        child</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;This is new route&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      ),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    );</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">NewRoute</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">StatelessWidget</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@override</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Widget</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">build</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">BuildContext</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> context) {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Scaffold</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      appBar</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">AppBar</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        title</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;New route&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      ),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      body</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Center</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        child</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;This is new route&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      ),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    );</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>新路由继承自<code>StatelessWidget</code>，界面很简单，在页面中间显示一句&quot;This is new route&quot;。</p></li><li><p>在<code>_MyHomePageState.build</code>方法中的<code>Column</code>的子widget中添加一个按钮（<code>TextButton</code>） :</p><div class="language-dart vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">dart</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Column</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  mainAxisAlignment</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">MainAxisAlignment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.center,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  children</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Widget</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ... </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//省略无关代码</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">TextButton</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      child</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;open new route&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      onPressed</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//导航到新路由   </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Navigator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">push</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">( </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          context,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">MaterialPageRoute</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(builder</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (context) {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">NewRoute</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          }),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        );</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      },</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  ],</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> )</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">Column</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  mainAxisAlignment</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">MainAxisAlignment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.center,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  children</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Widget</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ... </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//省略无关代码</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">TextButton</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      child</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;open new route&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      onPressed</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//导航到新路由   </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Navigator</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">push</span><span style="color:#24292E;">( </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          context,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">MaterialPageRoute</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(builder</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (context) {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">NewRoute</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          }),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        );</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      },</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  ],</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> )</span></span></code></pre></div><p>我们添加了一个打开新路由的按钮，点击该按钮后就会打开新的路由页面，效果如图 2-9 和 2-10 所示。</p><p><img src="/assets/2-9.ca67b14d.png" alt="图2-9"> <img src="/assets/2-10.6594bb81.png" alt="图2-10"></p></li></ol><h2 id="_2-4-2-materialpageroute" tabindex="-1">2.4.2 MaterialPageRoute <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-4-2-materialpageroute" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.4.2 MaterialPageRoute&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>MaterialPageRoute</code>继承自<code>PageRoute</code>类，<code>PageRoute</code>类是一个抽象类，表示占有整个屏幕空间的一个模态路由页面，它还定义了路由构建及切换时过渡动画的相关接口及属性。<code>MaterialPageRoute</code> 是 Material组件库提供的组件，它可以针对不同平台，实现与平台页面切换动画风格一致的路由切换动画：</p><ul><li>对于 Android，当打开新页面时，新的页面会从屏幕底部滑动到屏幕顶部；当关闭页面时，当前页面会从屏幕顶部滑动到屏幕底部后消失，同时上一个页面会显示到屏幕上。</li><li>对于 iOS，当打开页面时，新的页面会从屏幕右侧边缘一直滑动到屏幕左边，直到新页面全部显示到屏幕上，而上一个页面则会从当前屏幕滑动到屏幕左侧而消失；当关闭页面时，正好相反，当前页面会从屏幕右侧滑出，同时上一个页面会从屏幕左侧滑入。</li></ul><p>下面我们介绍一下<code>MaterialPageRoute</code> 构造函数的各个参数的意义：</p><div class="language-dart vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">dart</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">MaterialPageRoute</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">WidgetBuilder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> builder,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">RouteSettings</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> settings,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">bool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> maintainState </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">bool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fullscreenDialog </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  })</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">MaterialPageRoute</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">WidgetBuilder</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> builder,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">RouteSettings</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> settings,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">bool</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> maintainState </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">bool</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fullscreenDialog </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  })</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li><code>builder</code> 是一个WidgetBuilder类型的回调函数，它的作用是构建路由页面的具体内容，返回值是一个widget。我们通常要实现此回调，返回新路由的实例。</li><li><code>settings</code> 包含路由的配置信息，如路由名称、是否初始路由（首页）。</li><li><code>maintainState</code>：默认情况下，当入栈一个新路由时，原来的路由仍然会被保存在内存中，如果想在路由没用的时候释放其所占用的所有资源，可以设置<code>maintainState</code>为 <code>false</code>。</li><li><code>fullscreenDialog</code>表示新的路由页面是否是一个全屏的模态对话框，在 iOS 中，如果<code>fullscreenDialog</code>为<code>true</code>，新页面将会从屏幕底部滑入（而不是水平方向）。</li></ul><blockquote><p>如果想自定义路由切换动画，可以自己继承 PageRoute 来实现，我们将在后面介绍动画时，实现一个自定义的路由组件。</p></blockquote><h2 id="_2-4-3-navigator" tabindex="-1">2.4.3 Navigator <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-4-3-navigator" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.4.3 Navigator&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>Navigator</code>是一个路由管理的组件，它提供了打开和退出路由页方法。<code>Navigator</code>通过一个栈来管理活动路由集合。通常当前屏幕显示的页面就是栈顶的路由。<code>Navigator</code>提供了一系列方法来管理路由栈，在此我们只介绍其最常用的两个方法：</p><h3 id="_1-future-push-buildcontext-context-route-route" tabindex="-1">1. <code>Future push(BuildContext context, Route route)</code> <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-future-push-buildcontext-context-route-route" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1. `Future  push(BuildContext context, Route route)`&quot;">​</a></h3><p>将给定的路由入栈（即打开新的页面），返回值是一个<code>Future</code>对象，用以接收新路由出栈（即关闭）时的返回数据。</p><h3 id="_2-bool-pop-buildcontext-context-result" tabindex="-1">2. <code>bool pop(BuildContext context, [ result ])</code> <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-bool-pop-buildcontext-context-result" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2. `bool  pop(BuildContext context, [ result ])`&quot;">​</a></h3><p>将栈顶路由出栈，<code>result</code> 为页面关闭时返回给上一个页面的数据。</p><p><code>Navigator</code> 还有很多其他方法，如<code>Navigator.replace</code>、<code>Navigator.popUntil</code>等，详情请参考API文档或SDK 源码注释，在此不再赘述。下面我们还需要介绍一下路由相关的另一个概念“命名路由”。</p><h3 id="_3-实例方法" tabindex="-1">3. 实例方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-实例方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3. 实例方法&quot;">​</a></h3><p>Navigator类中第一个参数为context的<strong>静态方法</strong>都对应一个Navigator的<strong>实例方法</strong>， 比如<code>Navigator.push(BuildContext context, Route route) </code>等价于<code>Navigator.of(context).push(Route route)</code> ，下面命名路由相关的方法也是一样的。</p><h2 id="_2-4-4-路由传值" tabindex="-1">2.4.4 路由传值 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-4-4-路由传值" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.4.4 路由传值&quot;">​</a></h2><p>很多时候，在路由跳转时我们需要带一些参数，比如打开商品详情页时，我们需要带一个商品id，这样商品详情页才知道展示哪个商品信息；又比如我们在填写订单时需要选择收货地址，打开地址选择页并选择地址后，可以将用户选择的地址返回到订单页等等。下面我们通过一个简单的示例来演示新旧路由如何传参。</p><p>下面我们通过一个例子来演示：创建一个<code>TipRoute</code>路由，它接受一个提示文本参数，负责将传入它的文本显示在页面上，另外<code>TipRoute</code>中我们添加一个“返回”按钮，点击后在返回上一个路由的同时会带上一个返回参数，下面我们看一下实现代码。</p><p><code>TipRoute</code>实现代码：</p><div class="language-dart vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">dart</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">TipRoute</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">StatelessWidget</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">TipRoute</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> key,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">required</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.text,  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 接收一个text参数</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">super</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(key</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> key);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> text;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@override</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Widget</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">build</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">BuildContext</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> context) {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Scaffold</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      appBar</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">AppBar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        title</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;提示&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      ),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      body</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Padding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        padding</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">EdgeInsets</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">all</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        child</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Center</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          child</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Column</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            children</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Widget</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">              </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(text),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">              </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ElevatedButton</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                onPressed</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Navigator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">pop</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;我是返回值&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                child</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;返回&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">              )</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            ],</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          ),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        ),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      ),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    );</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">TipRoute</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">StatelessWidget</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">TipRoute</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> key,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">required</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.text,  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 接收一个text参数</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">super</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(key</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> key);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> text;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@override</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Widget</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">build</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">BuildContext</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> context) {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Scaffold</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      appBar</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">AppBar</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        title</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;提示&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      ),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      body</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Padding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        padding</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">EdgeInsets</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">all</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        child</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Center</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          child</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Column</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            children</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Widget</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">              </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(text),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">              </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ElevatedButton</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                onPressed</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Navigator</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">pop</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;我是返回值&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                child</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;返回&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">              )</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            ],</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          ),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        ),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      ),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    );</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>下面是打开新路由<code>TipRoute</code>的代码：</p><div class="language-dart vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">dart</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">RouterTestRoute</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">StatelessWidget</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@override</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Widget</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">build</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">BuildContext</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> context) {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Center</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      child</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ElevatedButton</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        onPressed</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () </span><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打开`TipRoute`，并等待返回结果</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Navigator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">push</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            context,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">MaterialPageRoute</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">              builder</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (context) {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">TipRoute</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 路由参数</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                  text</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;我是提示xxxx&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                );</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">              },</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            ),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          );</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//输出`TipRoute`路由返回结果</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;路由返回值: $</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">result</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        },</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        child</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;打开提示页&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      ),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    );</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">RouterTestRoute</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">StatelessWidget</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@override</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Widget</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">build</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">BuildContext</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> context) {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Center</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      child</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ElevatedButton</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        onPressed</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打开`TipRoute`，并等待返回结果</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Navigator</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">push</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            context,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">MaterialPageRoute</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">              builder</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (context) {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">TipRoute</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 路由参数</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                  text</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;我是提示xxxx&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                );</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">              },</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            ),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          );</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//输出`TipRoute`路由返回结果</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;路由返回值: $</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">result</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        },</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        child</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;打开提示页&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      ),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    );</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>运行上面代码，点击<code>RouterTestRoute</code>页的“打开提示页”按钮，会打开<code>TipRoute</code>页，运行效果如图2-11所示下：</p><p><img src="/assets/2-11.74793468.png" alt="图2-11"></p><p>需要说明：</p><ol><li><p>提示文案“我是提示xxxx”是通过<code>TipRoute</code>的<code>text</code>参数传递给新路由页的。我们可以通过等待<code>Navigator.push(…)</code>返回的<code>Future</code>来获取新路由的返回数据。</p></li><li><p>在<code>TipRoute</code>页中有两种方式可以返回到上一页；第一种方式是直接点击导航栏返回箭头，第二种方式是点击页面中的“返回”按钮。这两种返回方式的区别是前者不会返回数据给上一个路由，而后者会。下面是分别点击页面中的返回按钮和导航栏返回箭头后，<code>RouterTestRoute</code>页中<code>print</code>方法在控制台输出的内容：</p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">I/flutter (27896): 路由返回值: 我是返回值</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">I/flutter (27896): 路由返回值: null</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">I/flutter (27896): 路由返回值: 我是返回值</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">I/flutter (27896): 路由返回值: null</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ol><p>上面介绍的是非命名路由的传值方式，命名路由的传值方式会有所不同，我们会在下面介绍命名路由时介绍。</p><h2 id="_2-4-5-命名路由" tabindex="-1">2.4.5 命名路由 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-4-5-命名路由" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.4.5 命名路由&quot;">​</a></h2><p>所谓“命名路由”（Named Route）即有名字的路由，我们可以先给路由起一个名字，然后就可以通过路由名字直接打开新的路由了，这为路由管理带来了一种直观、简单的方式。</p><h3 id="_1-路由表" tabindex="-1">1. 路由表 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-路由表" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1. 路由表&quot;">​</a></h3><p>要想使用命名路由，我们必须先提供并注册一个路由表（routing table），这样应用程序才知道哪个名字与哪个路由组件相对应。其实注册路由表就是给路由起名字，路由表的定义如下：</p><div class="language-dart vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">dart</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Map</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">WidgetBuilder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; routes;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">Map</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">WidgetBuilder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; routes;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>它是一个<code>Map</code>，key为路由的名字，是个字符串；value是个<code>builder</code>回调函数，用于生成相应的路由widget。我们在通过路由名字打开新路由时，应用会根据路由名字在路由表中查找到对应的<code>WidgetBuilder</code>回调函数，然后调用该回调函数生成路由widget并返回。</p><h3 id="_2-注册路由表" tabindex="-1">2. 注册路由表 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-注册路由表" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2. 注册路由表&quot;">​</a></h3><p>路由表的注册方式很简单，我们回到之前“计数器”的示例，然后在<code>MyApp</code>类的<code>build</code>方法中找到<code>MaterialApp</code>，添加<code>routes</code>属性，代码如下：</p><div class="language-dart vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">dart</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">MaterialApp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  title</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Flutter Demo&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  theme</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ThemeData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    primarySwatch</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Colors</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.blue,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  ),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//注册路由表</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  routes</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;new_page&quot;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">NewRoute</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ... </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 省略其他路由注册信息</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  } ,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  home</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">MyHomePage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(title</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Flutter Demo Home Page&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">MaterialApp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  title</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Flutter Demo&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  theme</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ThemeData</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    primarySwatch</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Colors</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.blue,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  ),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//注册路由表</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  routes</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;new_page&quot;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">NewRoute</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ... </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 省略其他路由注册信息</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  } ,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  home</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">MyHomePage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(title</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Flutter Demo Home Page&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span></code></pre></div><p>现在我们就完成了路由表的注册。上面的代码中<code>home</code>路由并没有使用命名路由，如果我们也想将<code>home</code>注册为命名路由应该怎么做呢？其实很简单，直接看代码：</p><div class="language-dart vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">dart</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">MaterialApp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  title</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Flutter Demo&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  initialRoute</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//名为&quot;/&quot;的路由作为应用的home(首页)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  theme</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ThemeData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    primarySwatch</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Colors</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.blue,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  ),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//注册路由表</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  routes</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;new_page&quot;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">NewRoute</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">MyHomePage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(title</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Flutter Demo Home Page&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">), </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//注册首页路由</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  } </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">MaterialApp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  title</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Flutter Demo&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  initialRoute</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//名为&quot;/&quot;的路由作为应用的home(首页)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  theme</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ThemeData</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    primarySwatch</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Colors</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.blue,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  ),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//注册路由表</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  routes</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;new_page&quot;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">NewRoute</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">MyHomePage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(title</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Flutter Demo Home Page&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">), </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//注册首页路由</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  } </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span></code></pre></div><p>可以看到，我们只需在路由表中注册一下<code>MyHomePage</code>路由，然后将其名字作为<code>MaterialApp</code>的<code>initialRoute</code>属性值即可，该属性决定应用的初始路由页是哪一个命名路由。</p><h3 id="_3-通过路由名打开新路由页" tabindex="-1">3. 通过路由名打开新路由页 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-通过路由名打开新路由页" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3. 通过路由名打开新路由页&quot;">​</a></h3><p>要通过路由名称来打开新路由，可以使用<code>Navigator</code> 的<code>pushNamed</code>方法：</p><div class="language-dart vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">dart</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Future</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">pushNamed</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">BuildContext</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> context, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> routeName,{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> arguments})</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">Future</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">pushNamed</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">BuildContext</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> context, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> routeName,{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Object</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> arguments})</span></span></code></pre></div><p><code>Navigator</code> 除了<code>pushNamed</code>方法，还有<code>pushReplacementNamed</code>等其他管理命名路由的方法，读者可以自行查看API文档。接下来我们通过路由名来打开新的路由页，修改<code>TextButton</code>的<code>onPressed</code>回调代码，改为：</p><div class="language-dart vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">dart</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">onPressed</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Navigator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">pushNamed</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;new_page&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//Navigator.push(context,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//  MaterialPageRoute(builder: (context) {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//  return NewRoute();</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//}));  </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">},</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">onPressed</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Navigator</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">pushNamed</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;new_page&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//Navigator.push(context,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//  MaterialPageRoute(builder: (context) {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//  return NewRoute();</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//}));  </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">},</span></span></code></pre></div><p>热重载应用，再次点击“open new route”按钮，依然可以打开新的路由页。</p><h3 id="_4-命名路由参数传递" tabindex="-1">4. 命名路由参数传递 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_4-命名路由参数传递" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;4. 命名路由参数传递&quot;">​</a></h3><p>在Flutter最初的版本中，命名路由是不能传递参数的，后来才支持了参数；下面展示命名路由如何传递并获取路由参数：</p><p>我们先注册一个路由：</p><div class="language-dart vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">dart</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">routes</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;new_page&quot;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">EchoRoute</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  } ,</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">routes</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;new_page&quot;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">EchoRoute</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  } ,</span></span></code></pre></div><p>在路由页通过<code>RouteSetting</code>对象获取路由参数：</p><div class="language-dart vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">dart</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">EchoRoute</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">StatelessWidget</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@override</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Widget</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">build</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">BuildContext</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> context) {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//获取路由参数  </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> args</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ModalRoute</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">of</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context).settings.arguments;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//...省略无关代码</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">EchoRoute</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">StatelessWidget</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@override</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Widget</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">build</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">BuildContext</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> context) {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//获取路由参数  </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> args</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ModalRoute</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">of</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context).settings.arguments;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//...省略无关代码</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>在打开路由时传递参数</p><div class="language-dart vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">dart</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Navigator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">of</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">pushNamed</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;new_page&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, arguments</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;hi&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">Navigator</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">of</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">pushNamed</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;new_page&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, arguments</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;hi&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="_5-适配" tabindex="-1">5. 适配 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_5-适配" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;5. 适配&quot;">​</a></h3><p>假设我们也想将上面路由传参示例中的<code>TipRoute</code>路由页注册到路由表中，以便也可以通过路由名来打开它。但是，由于<code>TipRoute</code>接受一个<code>text</code> 参数，我们如何在不改变<code>TipRoute</code>源码的前提下适配这种情况？其实很简单：</p><div class="language-dart vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">dart</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">MaterialApp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  ... </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//省略无关代码</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  routes</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;tip2&quot;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (context){</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">TipRoute</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(text</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ModalRoute</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">of</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.settings.arguments);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   },</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> }, </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">MaterialApp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  ... </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//省略无关代码</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  routes</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;tip2&quot;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (context){</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">     </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">TipRoute</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(text</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ModalRoute</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">of</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.settings.arguments);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   },</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> }, </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="_2-4-6-路由生成钩子" tabindex="-1">2.4.6 路由生成钩子 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-4-6-路由生成钩子" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.4.6 路由生成钩子&quot;">​</a></h2><p>假设我们要开发一个电商App，当用户没有登录时可以看店铺、商品等信息，但交易记录、购物车、用户个人信息等页面需要登录后才能看。为了实现上述功能，我们需要在打开每一个路由页前判断用户登录状态！如果每次打开路由前我们都需要去判断一下将会非常麻烦，那有什么更好的办法吗？答案是有！</p><p><code>MaterialApp</code>有一个<code>onGenerateRoute</code>属性，它在打开命名路由时可能会被调用，之所以说可能，是因为当调用<code>Navigator.pushNamed(...)</code>打开命名路由时，如果指定的路由名在路由表中已注册，则会调用路由表中的<code>builder</code>函数来生成路由组件；如果路由表中没有注册，才会调用<code>onGenerateRoute</code>来生成路由。<code>onGenerateRoute</code>回调签名如下：</p><div class="language-dart vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">dart</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Route</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">dynamic</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">RouteSettings</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> settings)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">Route</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">dynamic</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">RouteSettings</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> settings)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>有了<code>onGenerateRoute</code>回调，要实现上面控制页面权限的功能就非常容易：我们放弃使用路由表，取而代之的是提供一个<code>onGenerateRoute</code>回调，然后在该回调中进行统一的权限控制，如：</p><div class="language-dart vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">dart</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">MaterialApp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  ... </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//省略无关代码</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  onGenerateRoute</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">RouteSettings</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> settings){</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">MaterialPageRoute</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(builder</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (context){</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		   </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> routeName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> settings.name;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果访问的路由页需要登录，但当前未登录，则直接返回登录页路由，</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 引导用户登录；其他情况则正常打开路由。</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     }</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   );</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">MaterialApp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  ... </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//省略无关代码</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  onGenerateRoute</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">RouteSettings</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> settings){</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">MaterialPageRoute</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(builder</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (context){</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		   </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> routeName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> settings.name;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果访问的路由页需要登录，但当前未登录，则直接返回登录页路由，</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 引导用户登录；其他情况则正常打开路由。</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">     }</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   );</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote><p>注意，<code>onGenerateRoute</code> 只会对命名路由生效。</p></blockquote><h2 id="_2-4-7-总结" tabindex="-1">2.4.7 总结 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-4-7-总结" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.4.7 总结&quot;">​</a></h2><p>本章先介绍了Flutter中路由管理、传参的方式，然后又着重介绍了命名路由相关内容。在此需要说明一点，由于命名路由只是一种可选的路由管理方式，在实际开发中，读者可能心中会犹豫到底使用哪种路由管理方式。在此，根据笔者经验，建议读者最好统一使用命名路由的管理方式，这将会带来如下好处：</p><ol><li>语义化更明确。</li><li>代码更好维护；如果使用匿名路由，则必须在调用<code>Navigator.push</code>的地方创建新路由页，这样不仅需要import新路由页的dart文件，而且这样的代码将会非常分散。</li><li>可以通过<code>onGenerateRoute</code>做一些全局的路由跳转前置处理逻辑。</li></ol><p>综上所述，笔者比较建议使用命名路由，当然这并不是什么金科玉律，读者可以根据自己偏好或实际情况来决定。</p><p>另外，还有一些关于路由管理的内容我们没有介绍，比如路由MaterialApp中还有<code>navigatorObservers</code>和<code>onUnknownRoute</code>两个回调属性，前者可以监听所有路由跳转动作，后者在打开一个不存在的命名路由时会被调用，由于这些功能并不常用，而且也比较简单，我们便不再花费篇幅来介绍了，读者可以自行查看API文档。</p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://gitee.com/luoguangguang/note/tree/master/docs/largeFrontEnd/flutter/chapter2/flutter_router.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在Gitee上参与编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><!----></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><!----></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="./largeFrontEnd/flutter/chapter1/index.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>第一章 初识Flutter</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1>Released under the MIT License.</p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2023-present LG of GZU</p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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多语言\",\"link\":\"/largeFrontEnd/flutter/chapter13/index.md\"},{\"text\":\"第十四章 高级进阶\",\"link\":\"/largeFrontEnd/flutter/chapter14/index.md\"}]}]},\"socialLinks\":[{\"icon\":\"github\",\"link\":\"https://gitee.com/luoguangguang\"},{\"icon\":{\"svg\":\"<svg role=\\\"img\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 24 24\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\\\"><title>Dribbble</title><path d=\\\"M12...6.38z\\\"/></svg>\"},\"link\":\"...\",\"ariaLabel\":\"cool link\"}],\"footer\":{\"message\":\"Released under the MIT License.\",\"copyright\":\"Copyright © 2023-present LG of GZU\"},\"editLink\":{\"pattern\":\"https://gitee.com/luoguangguang/note/tree/master/docs/:path\",\"text\":\"在Gitee上参与编辑此页\"},\"carbonAds\":{\"code\":\"your-carbon-code\",\"placement\":\"your-carbon-placement\"}},\"locales\":{},\"scrollOffset\":90,\"cleanUrls\":false}");</script>
    
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